PR-10 proteins are widely distributed in plants, playing a pivotal role in defense mechanisms against various pathogens. In grapes, these allergenic proteins mainly include Vit v 1, responsible for eliciting allergic responses. Structurally, Vit v 1 adopts a unique three-dimensional fold, characterized by a β-barrel motif and a hydrophobic cavity that potentially binds small ligands. This intricate structure contributes to its allergenic properties, making it recognizable by the immune system of sensitive individuals.
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